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GLOSSARY

UNITS OF MEASUREMENT & ABBREVIATIONS
USED

m – metre; mm – millimetre (0.001m); units of length
g/m² – grams per square metre; unit of weight (1g = 0.001Kg); the
force of gravity on matter
kN – Kilo-Newton (1000 N)
N - Newtons – the International System of Units (SI) unit of force.
One DecaNewton (daN, 10N) is roughly equivalent to the non-SI unit
of force, kgf (the force exerted on 1kg of mass by standard gravity,
9.80665 m/s²) i.e.1 kgf= 9.80665N
KPa – Kilo-Pascal (1000 Pa)
Pa – Pascal – the International System of Units (SI) unit of pressure, stress, and tensile strength; it is a measure of perpendicular force per unit area; for net and shadecloth, KPa are the units of the "Mullen Burst Strength" test (see below).
(± 2%) – unit of variation; plus or minus that percentage from the stated value.

COMMON TEXTILE TERMS

DENIER - Unit of Linear density equal to the mass in grams per 9,000metres of yarn.
DECITEX (Tex) - Unit of Linear density equal to the mass in grams per 1,000metre of yarn.
TENSILE STRENGTH - Ultimate strength of the material subjected to tensile loading.
MULLEN BURST STRENGTH - ASTM D 3786 diaphram method (Force required to break the yarns and burst a hole through the fabric). For net and Shadecloth, the unit commonly quoted is the KPa.
GRAB TENSILE STRENGTH - ASTMD D 5034 grab method (Force required to break the warp and weft yarns).
HDPE - High Density PolyEthylene, has superior abrasion resistance compared to HDPP and is the preferred choice for horticultural / agricultural textiles.
HDPP - High Density PolyPropylene
WARP - – Yarns running along the length of the fabric.
WEFT- – Yarns running across the fabric.
UV INHIBITORS / STABILIZERS - Chemical additives added at the time of yarn manufacture to prevent the yarns from biodegrading due to the effects of UltraViolet light.
UV BLOCK vs SHADE - Shade is the blocking of all light; UV Block only refers to the ultraviolet spectrum of light.
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials.
MONOFILAMENT - a single strand is used in the weaving process.
SELVEDGE - the edge of a fabric that is reinforced and woven for strength.
RASCHEL WARP KNITTED - Raschel is a type of knitting machine named after the inventor. Cloth / net knitted on this machine is described as such.

CLIMATE TERMS

CLIMATE CONTROL - Control of wind-speed, humidity, and temperature factors. Extreme climate control would be a greenhouse with heaters, ventilation fans, and moveable screens in the roof. Porous canopies can achieve many of the same effects though to a lesser level, depending on the fabrics and supporting structures used.
LIGHT SPECTRUM - The ordered array of the components of light. The colour of the fabric influences the colour (or spectrum) of the light that is absorbed, and hence the spectrum “seen” by the plants. Black fabrics absorb all light equally. White and "clear" fabrics have a reduced effect on the ultra-violets, but a similar effect to black on the infra-reds.
SHADE LEVELS - Shade levels under coloured and white fabrics are measured in PAR (photsynthetically active radiation). This is approximately equivalent to visible radiation; 100% shade is solid. A white fabric will typically have a shade level of about 7/10 of that of a black fabric of the same weave.
WIND FORCE - Wind force = windspeed x windspeed So, when windspeed is 1/4, wind force is 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/16 Wind force is what you feel when you try to stand up in a strong wind. Wind force is what blows the dust, bends the trees etc.
TURBULENCE - unstable flow (of a liquid or gas).
MICROCLIMATE - the average climatic conditions in a very localised area.
MICRO - extremely small in scale or scope;
CLIMATE: the weather in some location averaged over a long period of time.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - The term describing water loss from plants through emissionof water vapour via the leaves by transpiration – can be a major form of stress for plants.
EVAPORATION - the process of extracting moisture; moisture becoming a vapour.
TRANSPIRATION - the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants.
UV LIGHT – the UltraViolet part of the light spectrum. having or employing wavelengths shorter than light but longer than X-rays; lying outside the visible spectrum at its violet end; "ultraviolet radiation".
PAR – Photosynthetically Active Radiation; approximately equivalent to visible light radiation
AIR TEMPERATURE PROFILE – a record of the fluctuation of air temperature in the same location over a period of time.
VAPOUR PRESSURE DIFFERENCE – the weight per unit area of the vapour particles in the air.

NETTING AND CONSTRUCTION TERMS

FIRE-RATING - Fire resistance in terms of Australian Standard 1530 for Textiles (T3).
ANGLED SIDES / WIND BARRIERS – When wind hits a vertical barrier it is thrown vertically. An inclined barrier throws the wind up at an angle. This more gradual process gives a longer flatter protected area behind the windbreak.
SHELTERED ZONE - The lee(down-wind) zone of the windbreak. The level of sheltering depends on the aerodynamic porosity of the windbreak, the local topography, the height and the angle of the windbreak to the wind. In addition, the shelter becomes less with distance away from the windbreak. Fabric porosity also affects the degree of turbulence in the sheltered zone.
WIND PROTECTION BENEFITS - A well-designed wind-break will not be totally impermeable; but it will reduce the force of the wind, helping to maintain humidity and temperature; and keeping turbulence to a minimum in the sheltered zone – up to a distance of almost ten times the height of the structure.

WIND-LOAD - The pressure on fabric or a structure caused by winds of a certain stated speed.
RETRACTABLE - able to be pull inwards, towards a center, or folded into a storable size or shape.
ANCHOR – in this case, an underground mechanical device that fixes a cable or wire firmly in place and resists the tension placed on the cable.
CLIP-LOCK – a patented design involving a metallic spring-form which locks into a gutter, in order to secure fabric between the two parts.
NET / SHADECLOTH – Net refers to a fabric that is woven so as ta stretch in one or both directions; Shade-cloth is a stable material (does not stretch).
PRE-PACKED – Cut and packaged in a pre-determined size; opposite of Cut to Order.
THROWOVER – Net or shadecloth placed over an item or plant for a short-term only; usually there is very little supporting structure other than the item or plant itself. Intended to be easily removed after it has served its purpose.
QUAD / QUAD CROSS-OVER – Also referred to as “hail-net”; net woven in such a fashion as to have two single strands passing over the holes in the nets in each direction (ie 4 strands in total, hence “quad)); divides the original hole into 9 smaller holes. The net size is still referred to by the original hole size ie 12mm Quad means the main hole is 12mm wide from side to side.
SHADE-HOUSE – a green-house style structure, covered in porous shade-cloth for the sole purpose of provided shade for the contents.
BROAD-ACRE - Crops planted in an open field, possibly on trellises (berries, vines, fruit trees), or self-supporting (trees, vegetables).

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NETPRO Pty Ltd

Lot 1 Sullivan Drive,

Stanthorpe, Queensland

Australia, 4380

Ph (+61) 07 4681 6666

Fx (+61) 07 4681 6600

sales@netprocanopies.com

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